Cryptocurrency Resources

March has been a big month for zkEVM development, with several new zkEVM projects being announced and existing ones reaching major development milestones. Matter Labs announced the launch of their zkEVM in a public and open-source mode.

Galaxy Head of Research Alex Thorn explains why crypto didn’t cause the current banking crisis.

This report is part 2 of a 2-part series focused on Maximal Extractable Value. Between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, $133m in Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) was earned on Ethereum.

Commonly referred to as the “internet of blockchains,” Cosmos is an ecosystem composed of the Cosmos SDK toolkit and IBC, a cross-chain messaging protocol.

On Thursday, September 15, Ethereum core developers concluded their 147th fortnightly All Core Developers (ACD) call.

The biggest upgrade in Ethereum’s history is just around the corner.

On Thursday, September 8, Ethereum core developers concluded their 95th fortnightly Consensus Layer (CL) call.

On Thursday, September 1, Ethereum core developers concluded their 146th fortnightly All Core Developers (ACD) call.

On Thursday, August 25, Ethereum core developers concluded their 94th fortnightly Consensus Layer (CL) call.

The Bitcoin mining industry has had a tumultuous start to 2022. This report will examine the current state of the Bitcoin mining industry, reviewing the trends of the first half of 2022.

Ethereum developers concluded their 145th All Core Developers call on August 18. Developers reconfirmed the schedule for mainnet activation of the Merge upgrade which will transition Ethereum from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake consensus protocol.

On Thursday, August 11, Ethereum core developers concluded their 93rd fortnightly Consensus Layer (CL) call. Chaired by Ethereum Foundation researcher Danny Ryan, the CL calls are one of two recurring meeting series where Ethereum developers discuss…

Ethereum core developers concluded their 144th All Core Developers (ACD) call on Thursday, August 4.

Ethereum core developers concluded their 92nd bi-weekly Zoom meeting on Thursday, July 28th. These calls are attended primarily by developers building the consensus layer (CL) software of Ethereum, while the fortnightly All Core Developers (ACD) call…

Ethereum core developers concluded their 143rd bi-weekly Zoom meeting on Thursday, July 21. Unlike the Consensus Layer (CL) calls, which are attended primarily by developers building the consensus layer software of Ethereum, the All Core Developers…

On Thursday, July 14, Ethereum core developers concluded their 91st fortnightly Consensus Layer (CL) call.

The Merge upgrade is Ethereum’s long-awaited transition from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus protocol to proof-of-stake.

As part of Galaxy Digital Research’s ongoing coverage of Ethereum, we will periodically provide updates and overviews of important developer activity, including recurring meetings and calls among developers.

The distribution of supply on Ethereum has been a source of criticism and debate since the network’s launch in 2015.

Ethereum core developers concluded their 139th bi-weekly Zoom meeting on Friday, May 27th. Unlike the Consensus Layer calls, which occur every other Thursday at 14:00 UTC and are attended primarily by developers building the consensus layer software …

Solana is a fast, low-latency, proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain with a differentiated technical architecture and growing usage across several vectors. While fundamental design problems currently limit its resilience, and centralization issues are…

As part of Galaxy Digital Research’s ongoing coverage of Ethereum, we will periodically provide updates and overviews of important developer activity, including recurring meetings and calls among developers.

UST de-pegged from $1 over the weekend after seeing large withdrawals from Anchor and a massive sell-off on Curve. Against a weak macro backdrop with high inflation and rising rates, this triggered panic and initiated a bank-run scenario.

Galaxy Digital Research’s Christine Kim attends the first-ever Devconnect, an Ethereum developer-focused conference hosted in the Netherlands.

The Merge upgrade is Ethereum’s long-awaited transition from a proof-of-work (PoW) consensus protocol to proof-of-stake.

Bitcoin transaction fees are near all-time lows, despite significant user activity and price volatility. This curious Bitcoin phenomenon is a result of growing adoption of Bitcoin scaling technologies and best practices.

This report is the first in our Do Your Own Research series. It offers a comprehensive and generalized overview of how to use on-chain data for the fundamental analysis of cryptoassets. Later reports in this series will dive deeper into how to leverage…

When Bitcoin miners work with mining pools, as the vast majority of them do, they communicate with the pools using a messaging protocol called Stratum V1, which organizes the creation of blocks and the submission of hashes by the miners.

As a proxy for some of the most important industry trends, the rise of giving in bitcoin and other digital assets is an important and relevant metrics for investors to follow.

In this piece, we describe the hashprice metric and introduce a methodology for how hashprice can be used to assess the breakeven thresholds for mining operations of all kinds, even those with diversified revenue streams.

Whether you ski or snowboard, it’s important to be prepared this winter because Avalanche season is here. Avalanche is the fastest blockchain as measured by time-to-finality (often sub-second). Powered by its innovative consensus mechanism…

2021 was a revolutionary year for Bitcoin mining. The third halving in May of 2020 brought broader attention to mining, and the growing interest has never subsided. Favorable economics made mining profitable for almost all participants, drawing in more…

This report is part 1 of a 2-part series focused on Maximal Extractable Value. This is the story of how the Flashboys of tomorrow, called Flashbots, are changing the game of frontrunning on Ethereum. In traditional finance…

In this report, we explain and assess methods for accounting for Bitcoin miners’ cost to mine a bitcoin. We also propose our own methodology, which we believe offers improvements over several other methods that exist in the market today.

In this report, we break down the short-term impact of Ethereum’s EIP 1559 upgrade for users, miners, and investors.

Despite Cosmos’ tech stack being the bedrock for some of crypto’s most innovative and popular blockchains, the Cosmos Hub and its token, ATOM, have not been as integral to the ecosystem as originally planned.

“Taproot” is major upgrade for Bitcoin that brings scalability, privacy, and composability enhancements and activated on the Bitcoin network at block height 709,632, which was mined early Sunday morning, November 14, 2021. This is the first upgrade to …

Since Bitcoin launched in 2009, the concept of decentralization has become more and more mainstream. While Bitcoin wasn’t the first decentralized system, Satoshi Nakamoto’s invention was the first to successfully create decentralized money, an…

The Ethereum Beacon Chain has activated its first-ever hard fork, dubbed Altair, which is aimed at creating harsher penalties, fairer activity tracking, and new responsibilities for network stakeholders, a.k.a. validators.

Here are the top 10 things and 15 charts to show that crypto is booming.

Public blockchains are distributed databases with the ability to reach consensus between an untrusted set of participants without the involvement of intermediaries or central parties. To achieving trustless consensus, blockchain design has necessarily…

Bitcoin became legal tender in the Central American nation of El Salvador this week, making it officially a sovereign currency.

Is the Bitcoin network’s electricity consumption an acceptable use of energy? This question has been debated since the early days of the network. Yet despite the numerous published articles and analyses, the debate rages on, typically re-emerging during…

In this report, we tell the story of the whimsical cryptocurrency and explain why, despite its shortcomings, Dogecoin is one of crypto’s most interesting phenomena.

A new improvement proposal (upgrade) will alter fundamental properties of Ethereum to simplify user experience and harden ETH’s monetary policy, but the proposal has drawn criticism from miners who stand to lose as much as 50% of their revenue.